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Democracy in Practice

This infographic explains how democracy is practiced in the UK. It presents clear and concise definitions of terms and models such as representative democracy, Westminster Model, devolution, etc. It…

What is a democracy

This infographic presents the definition and short history of the creation of democracy. It also explains the key principles of democracy: Popular Control and Political Equality, and the relevant…

What is a constitution

This infographic explains the definition of a constitution and the different types of constitutions. It also explains what a constitution can do, what it can include, and the role of constitutions in…

Democracy Doesn’t Always Happen Over Night: Regime Change in Stages and Economic Growth

This paper analyses “the idea that democratic regime change is not a discrete event but a two-stage process: (1), autocracies enter into an ‘episode’ of political liberalization which can last for…

The Business Case for Democracy

This paper “presents a business case for democracy, focusing on the impact of democracy on economic growth... It discusses four factors pertaining to data quality and modelling choices, suggesting…

Worth the Sacrifice? Illiberal and Authoritarian Practices during Covid-19

"Excessive use of emergency powers and limitations of media freedoms have raised concerns that Covid-19 is infecting democracy itself. This paper proposes a novel conceptualization of which…

Voting Rights of Denizens and Expats: Adjusting Democracy Indices to the Age of Mass Migration

"This measure assesses how large the overlap between those who make the law and those who are subject to it is. It is shown how some regimes—including some that have been considered strong…

Autocratization by Decree: States of Emergency and Democratic Decline

"States of emergency grant chief executives the power to bypass democratic constraints in order to combat existential threats... States of emergency should be associated with a heightened risk of…

Civil Society and Post-Independence Democracy Levels

"The role of civil society for the consolidation of democracy is contested… This paper argues that the existence of democratic CSOs prior to democratic transition strengthen post-independence…

Economic Crisis and Regime Transitions from Within

"Populism and its relationship with modern democracy has gained considerable attention in recent years. This paper aims at advancing our understanding of how populism affects different models of…